LEARNING TRANSFORMATION OF SENTENCE

Transformation of sentence

Assertive to Interrogative

Read the following sentence:-

Assertive:- He is honest.

Interrogative:- Isn't he honest?

Assertive:-They will go.

Interrogative:-Won't they  go?

Assertive:-We shall play.

Interrogative:-Shan't we play?

Assertive:-Rana can swim.

Interrogative:-Can't Rana swim?

structure:-

Assertive:-subject+auxiliary verb+ext.

Interrogative:-auxiliary verb +n't+subject+ext.?

If there is an auxiliary verb in the assertive sentence,n't added with the auxiliary verb and be placed before the subject in the interrogative sentence.If it is an affirmative sentence ,the interrogative sentence will be negative-interrogative.

Read the following sentence:-

Assertive:-He was a wise man.

Interrogative:-Wasn't he a wise man?

Assertive:-They have done this.

Interrogative:-Haven't they done this?

Assertive:-We can not study attentively.

Interrogative:-Can't we study attentively?

structure:-

Assertive:-subject+auxiliary verb+not+ext.

Interrogative:-auxiliary verb+subject+ext?

If the assertive sentence is a negative sentence,the negative word will be deleted in interrogative sentence and then it will be started with only auxiliary verb.

LEARNING TRANSFORMATION OF SENTENCE

Transformation of Sentence

Affirmative to Negative

Read the following sentence:-

Affirmative:- I always agreed with him.

Negative:-  I never disagreed with him.

Affirmative:-He was always punctual.

Negative:- He was never late.

structure:-

Affirmative:-subject+always+verb+ext.

Negative:- subject+never+opposite verb+ext.

Affirmative:-subject+auxiliary verb+always+verb/adjective/adverb+ext.

Negative:- subject+auxiliary verb+never+opposite verb/adjective/adverb+ext.

If there is always in an affirmative sentence,never will be used for ever/always in negative sentence and verb /adjective/adverb will be opposite meaning.

Read the bellow sentence:-

Affirmative:-He is too weak to walk.

Negative:- He is so weak that he cannot walk.

Affirmative:-They were too busy to help you.

Negative:- They were so busy that they could not help you.

structure:-

Affirmative:-subject+verb+too+adjective+to+verb+ext.

Negative:- subject+verb+so +adjective+that+subject+can/could+not+verb+ext.

If there is present tense before too,can will be used after that and if there is past tense before too,could will be used after that.Again when there is for +noun/pronoun after too+adjective,the noun/pronoun after for will be the subject after that.

Read the bellow sentence:-

Affirmative:-He is as wise as her brother.

Negative:- He is not less wise than her brother.

Affirmative:-You are as clever as I.

Negative:- You are not less clever than I.

structure:-

Affirmative:-subject+verb+as+adjective+as+noun/pronoun.

Negative:- subject+auxiliary verb+ not+verb+less+adjective+than+noun/pronoun.

In negative sentence as -as is replaced by not less-than.

LEARNING TRANSFORMATION OF SENTENCE

Transformation of Sentence

Affirmative to Negative

Read the following sentence:-

Affirmative:- I shall remember you.

Negative:-I shall not forget you.

Affirmative:-He is rich.

Negative:-He is not poor.

Affirmative:-They are honest.

Negative:-They are not dishonest.

structure:-

Affirmative:-subject+auxiliary verb+verb/adjective/adverb+ext.

Negative:-subject+auxiliary verb+not+opposite verb/adjective/adverb+ext.

In order to change an affirmative sentence having an auxiliary verb with a verb/adjective/adverb into a negative sentence,we should add not after the auxiliary verb and use the opposite meaning of verb/adjective/adverb in negative sentence.

Read the bellow sentence:-

Affirmative:-They love us.

Negative:-They do not hate us.

Affirmative:-We obey our parents.

Negative:-We do not disobey our parents.

Affirmative:-She remembered me.

Negative:-She did not forget me

 structure:-

Affirmative:-subject+verb+ext.

Negative:- subject+auxiliary verb to do+not+opposite verb+ext.

If there is no auxiliary verb in an affirmative sentence,to do verb will be used as auxiliary verb to make it a negative sentence.After to do verb not will be added and the opposite meaning of verb will used there.This to do verb will be according to the tense of the verb of affirmative sentence.

LEARNING TRANSFORMATION OF SENTENCE

Transformation of sentence

Affirmative to Negative

Read the bellow sentence:-

Affirmative:- We must read attentively.

Negative:-We cannot but read attentively.

                We cannot help reading attentively.

Affirmative:-You must obey your parents.

Negative:-You can not but obey your parents.

                You cannot help obeying your parents

structure:-

Affirmative:-subject+must+verb+ext.

Negative:-subject+cannot but+verb+ext.

               subject+cannot help+verb-ing+ext.

For making a negative sentence from an affirmative sentence having must,we have to use cannot but/cannot help for must.In this case,basic form of verb will be used after cannot but and present participle (verb-ing) will be used after cannot help.

Read the bellow sentence:-

Affirmative:-Everybody hates a liar.

Negative:-There is no body but hates a liar.

Affirmative:-Everyone loves a rose.

Negative:-There is no one but loves a rose.

structure:-

Affirmative:-Every+noun/body/one+verb+ext.

Negative:- There is no +noun/body/one+but+verb+ext

To change an affirmative sentence having every +noun/body/one into a negative sentence,we can use there is no for every,then we have to put the word after every and next we should use but before verb+ext. 

Read the bellow sentence:-

As soon as he came,the rain started.

No sooner had he come than the rain started.

As soon as we reached the station,the train left.

No sooner had we reached the station than the train left.

structure:-

As soon as +subject+verb(past),subject+verb(past)+ext.

No sooner had +subject+verb(past participle) +than+subject+verb(past)+ext.

To change an affirmative sentence having as soon as with two clauses,no sooner had will be used for as soon as in negative sentence.than must be used between the two clauses.

LEARNING TRANSFORMATION OF SENTENCE

Transformation of Sentence

Affirmative to Negative 

With a view to changing sentence  from affirmative to negative without changing the meaning,we have to learn some rules.These rules are mandatory to learn and practice .Without learning them properly we can't be able to change any affirmative sentence to negative sentence easily.Now we are going to learn and use them.

Read the bellow sentence:-

Affirmative:- Only Allah can help us.

Negative:-    None but Allah can help us.

Affirmative:- He was alone alive in the house.

Negative:-     None but he was alive in the house.

Here only is used before a person,but alone is used after the person word and auxiliary verb.For changing an affirmative sentence into a negative sentence where only is before a person or alone is after the person and auxiliary verb,we have to start the negative sentence with none but for only/alone.

structure:-

Affirmative:- Only+subject+verb+ext.

Negative:-     None but +subject+verb+ext.

Affirmative:- subject+auxiliary verb+alone+ext.

Negative:-    None but+subject+auxiliary verb+ext.

It will be applied when the subjective word is a person word i.e he/she/I/you/they/we/any proper noun.

Read the bellow sentence:-

Affirmative:- Only the monsoon causes rain in our country.

Negative:-    Nothing but the monsoon causes rain in our country.

Affirmative:- I have only a few toys.

Negative:-    I have nothing but a few toys.

when only is used before an object/thing,nothing but will be put there to make a negative sentence from an affirmative sentence .

structure:-

Affirmative:- Only +subject+verb+ext.

Negative:- Nothing but+subject+verb+ext.

Affirmative:- subject+verb+only+object+ext.

Negative:- subject+verb+nothing but+object+ext.

nothing but is used in negative sentence for only when there is an object/thing after only in  affirmative sentence.

Read the following sentence:-

Affirmative:- I am only 20.

Negative:-    I am not more/less than 20.

structure:-

Affirmative:- subject+verb+only+number/age+ext.

Negative:-   subject+verb+not more / less than+number/age +ext.

when only is used before number/ age ,not more / less than will be used  in negative sentence for only in affirmative sentence. 

LEARNING TRANSFORMATION OF SENTENCE

Transformation of Sentence

To change one kind of sentence to another kind without changing the meaning is called transformation of sentence.i.e.

Affir:Dan is a very intelligent boy.

Int.Isn't Dan a very intelligent boy.

Neg.Dan isn't a very dull boy.

Excla.What an intelligent boy Dan is!

Compound.Dan is a boy and is vey intelligent.

Complex.Dan is a boy who is very intelligent.

With a view to interchanging one kind of sentence to another kind of sentence without changing the meaning depends on some rules.One must have learnt the rules,formation of phrase and clause,structure of tense etc.We are going to interchange sentences by turns.

Transformation are of various types.

1.Affirmative to negative

2.Negative to Affirmative

3.Affirmative to interrogative

4.Interrogative to Affirmative

5.Exclamatory to assertive

6.Assertive to exclamatory

7.Affirmative to optative

8.Optative to ass.

9.Ass. To imp.

10.Imp. To Ass.

11.Simple to compound

12.Compound to simp

13.Simple to complex

14.Complex to simple

15.Complex to compound

16.Compound to complex.

17.Degree change

18.Voice change

19.change of number,gender

In order to learn to change sentences without changing the meaning,we should learn the rules of the above kinds of transformation of sentences.

LEARNING CONVERSION OF SENTENCE

ASSERTIVE TO EXCLAMATORY

With a view to changing sentences from assertive to exclamatory ,we can do it in the following way:-

It is a very nice story

What a nice story it is!

He is very talkative.
How talkative he is!

Structure

subj.+verb+a+very+adjective+ext..
what +a/an+adjective+ext.+subj.+verb!

subj.+verb+adjective+ext.
How+adjective+subj.+ext.

If there is a very +adj. in the sentence,the exclamatory will be started what a/an +adj. and if there is very +adj. in the sentence,the exclamatory sentence will be started how +adj.

Read the bellow sentence

He wishes he were a king.
If he were a king!

I wish I had a car.
If I had a car!

Structure

subj.+wish+subj.+were/verb(past)+ext.
If +subj.+were/verb(past)+ext.!

If there is subj.+wish+subj.+were/verb(past),if will be used instead of subj.+wish.

Read the following sentence

We wish we could  be a child again.
Would that we could be  a child  again!

Structure

subj.+wish+subj.+could+verb(present)+ext.
Would that + subj.+could+verb(present)+ext.!

If there is subj.+wish+subj.+could in the sentence,Would that will be used instead of subj. +wish.

Read the bellow sentence

I wish I were a child.
Were I a child!

He wishes he had a car.
Had he a car!

I wish I had been a king.
Had I been a king!

Structure

subj.+wish+subj.+were/had+ext..
Were/had+subj.+ext.!

If there is subj.+wish+subj.+had/were+ext. in the sentence,Firstly subj.+wish will be deleted and  exclamatory sentence will be started with were/had and then the next subj.+ext. will be used.

Read the following sentence

It is a matter of joy that I  have succeeded..
Hurrah! I have succeeded.

It is a matter of sorrow that I am undone.
Alas! I am undone.

Structure

It is a matter of joy that +subj.+verb+ext.
Hurrah!+subj.+verb+ext.

It is a matter of sorrow that+subj.+verb+ext.
Alas!/Ah!+subj.+verb+ext.

LEARNING CONVERSION OF SENTENCE

Conversion of Sentence

Affirmative to Negative -Interrogative

With a view to changing sentences from affirmative to negative interrogative,we can do in the following way:-

a.if there is any aux.verb (to be,to have,modals) in a sentence,we have to add n't with the aux.verb and put the aux.verb with n't before the subject and a question mark at the end of that sentence.For using not instead of n't,if the subj.is a noun ,not will be used before the subj.and if the subj.is a pronoun,not will be used after the subj.i.e.

Rana is honest

Isn't Rana honest?

Or Is not Rana honest?

He can run.

Can't he run?

Or Can he not run?

b.If there is no aux.verb in the sentence,we have to use to do verb with n't before the subj. and a question mark at the end of the sentence.for using not we should follow the rule mentioned in the last part of ( a)

He reads a book.

Doesn't he read a book?

Or Does he not read a book?

Kamal went home.

Didn't kamal go home?

Or Did Kamal not go home?

LEARNING CONVERSION OF SENTENCE

Conversion of Sentence

Negative to Interrogative

In order to convert a negative sentence into an interrogative one,we can do in the following 

way:-

a.if there is not with an aux. Verb(to be,to have,modals)in a sentence,we can use aux.verb with not before the subject if the subj. Is a noun and if the subj. Is a personal pronoun(I,we,he,she, it,they,you) ,the aux .verb will be used before the subject and not after the subj.To avoid this hazard,we can use contruction of not with aux.verb before the subject.For the above cases,we should put a question mark at the end of the sentence.i.e.

Rana is not honest.

Is not Rana honest?

or Isn't Rana honest?

He was not well.

Was he not well?

or Wasn't he well?

b.If there is not with to do verb ,we can place to do verb before subj. For not will be used acording to rules of subj. mentioned in (a).we can use contraction of not with to do verb.i.e.

Karim does not play.

 Does not karim play?

 Or Doesn't Karim play?

He did not go.

Did he not go?

 Or Didn't he go?

LEARNING CONVERSION OF SENTENCE

Conversion of Sentence 

Interrogative to affirmative

With a view to changing sentence from interrogative to affirmative,we can do in the following way

a.if there is any aux.verb(to be,to have,modals)before the subject,we can place the aux. Verb after the subj. And delete question mark with a fulstop.i.e.

Is he clever?

He is clever.

Can you help her?

You can help her.

b.if there is to do verb before the subj.,the to do verb should be deleted.The question mark is replaced with a fulstop and the main verb of the sentence will be used according to the tense of the to do verb of that sentence.i.e.

Does he make a noise?

He makes a noise.

Do they go there?

They go there.

Did she play then?

She played then.

If there is does before the subject in interrogative sentence,s/es will be added after the verb in affirmative sentence.For do before the subject, the basic form of verb will be used and for did before the subject,the tense of verb in affirmative sentence will be in the past tense.

LEARNING CONVERSION OF SENTENCE

Conversion of Sentence

Affirmative to Interrogative

With a view to changing sentences from affirmative to interrogative without changing the meaning,we can do in the following way:-

a.if there is to be,to have,modals in a sentence as an auxiliary verb,we convert the affirmative sentence  into an interrogative sentence by placing the auxiliary  verb before the subject and putting question mark at the end of that sentence i.e.

He is honest

Is he honest?

We can swim

Can we swim?

b.if there is no auxiliary  verb in a sentence,we can convert it into an interrogative by using to do verb as an auxiliary verb according to the tense of main verb before the subject and putting a question mark at the end of that sentence i.e.

He reads a book.

Does he read a book?

We play cricket.

Do we play cricket,

He went home.

Did he go home?

If there is present tense in affirmative sentence,do/does will have to be used in interrogative sentence.If there is past tense in affirmative sentence ,did will be used in interrogative sentence.If there is s/es with the verb ,does is used.If  there is the basic form of verb ,do is used then.

The following contraction are also used in sentence.From the contraction we have to detect the auxiliary verb.

's=is/was/has

've=have

're=are/were

'll=shall/will

'd=had/would

LEARNING CONVERSION OF SENTENCE

Conversion of Sentence

Negative to Affirmative

To change sentence from negative to affirmative without changing the meaning,we can do in the following way:-

a.if there is not/n't with auxiliary verb in the negative sentence,we should delete n't/not from the sentence and the rest.words are used accordingly.i.e

Negative:- He isn't honest

 Affirmative:- He is honest

Negative:-We won't go.

Affirmative:- we will go.

Negative:-They hadn't done this. 

Affirmative:- they had done this.

Structure:-

Negative:-subject+auxiliary verb+not+verb+ext.

Affirmative:-subject+auxiliary verb+verb+ext.

b.if there is n't/not with to do auxiliary verb in the negative sentence,the n't/not with to do auxiliary verb should be deleted and the main will be used according to the tense of auxiliary verb to do.i.e.

Negative:-     We donot play ball.

Affirmative:-  We play ball.

Negative:-     He doesn't read a book.

Affirmative:-  He reads a book.

Negative:-     The baby didnot cry .

Affirmative:- The baby cried.

Structure:-

Negative:-subject+to do+not+verb+ext.

Affirmative:-subject+verb+ext.

c.if there is no after to have aux.verb in the sentence,no must be deleted and a/an is used instead of no.i.e.

Negative:-      I have no umbrella

Affirmative:-   I have an umbrella.

Negative:-     He has no car

Affirmative:-  He has a car.

Structure:-

Negative:-subject+to have+no+object.

Affirmative:-subject+have+a/an+object.

If the first letter of word starts with a vowel,an is used before it,otherwise a is used then.

LEARNING CONVERSION OF SENTENCE

Conversion of Sentence

According to meaning there are five kinds of sentence.They assertive,interrogetive,imperative,optative and exclamatory.Every kinds of sentence are of two kinds. They are affirmative and negative.To interchange one kind of sentence to another kind without changing the meaning is called conversion. Conversions of sentence are to do in the following way:-

1.Affimative-negative and negative-affirmative

2.Interrogative-affirmative and affirmative-interrogative

3.Negative-interrogative and interrogative-negative

4.Affirmative-negative interrogative and negative interrogative-affirmative

5.Assertive-imperative and imperative-assertive

6.Assertive -optative and optative-assertive

7 .Assertive-exclamatory and exclamatory-assertive

Affirmative to Negative

With a veiw to changing sentences from affirmative to negative without changing the meaning or to convert sentences from affirmative to negative we can go forward in the following way.

a.if there is any auxiliary verb (to be,to have,modals)in the sentence,we can add not/n't  after the auxiliary verb to convert  any affirmative to negative.i.e

Affirmative:- I can swim

Negative:-    I can't /cannot swim.

Affirmative:-He is honest

Negative:-  He isn't/is not honest.

Structure:-

Affirmative:- subject+auxiliary verb +ext.

Negative:-    subject+auxiliary verb +n't/not+ext.

Again we can convert a negative sentence into an affirmative sentence by deleting not/n't after the auxiliary verb

b.if there is no aux.verb in the sentence,we have to add to do +n't/not after the subject to convert  sentences from affirmative to negative.i.e.

Affirmative:-He reads a book

Negative:-  He doesn't/not read a book.

Affirmative:-They make a noise

Negative:-  They do n't/not make a noise.

Affirmative:-We sang a song

Negative:-  We did n't/not sing a song.

Structure:-

Affirmative:-subject+verb+ext.

Negative:-  subject+to do +n't/not +main verb +ext

When todo verb is used as an aux.verb,the basic form of verb will be used after that.

In order to convert a negative sentence with not/n't after to do as an auxiliary verb to an affirmative sentence,we have to delete to do+not and use the main verb according to the tense of to do.