Narration/Speech
In order to convert a dirrect speech into an indirect speech,when the reporting verb is in past tense,the tense of verb of reported speech will be changed also.
How to change tense of verb
direct indirect
am/is/are.....................................................................................................................was,were
have/has .....................................................................................................................had
verb (present) ............................................................................................................verb(past)
do/does .....................................................................................................................did
shall/will ....................................................................................................................would
can ..........................................................................................................................could
may ..........................................................................................................................might
How to change adverb
direct indirect
now ...............................................................................................................................then
today .............................................................................................................................that day
tomorrow.......................................................................................................................the next day or
the following day
here ...............................................................................................................................there
thus ...............................................................................................................................so
ago.................................................................................................................................before
this .................................................................................................................................that
these ..............................................................................................................................those
yesterday .................................................................................................................... the previous day
last month/night ................................................................................................the previous month/night
next day/week ...........................................................................................................the following week
If there is time after this ,that will be used for this.when this or these is used adjective,the will be used for them.when here indicates any place clearly,there will be used for it.otherwise; here will be changed according to meaning.
When we indicate human being ,both speaker and person spoken to(listener),we remain unchanged.
For editorial we,it should be used for we then.
Usually had to is used for must.For a future obligation,'would have to' is used for must.if must is used.
For a universal obligation,must remain unchanged.
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