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Friday, September 23, 2011

LEARNING TO CHANGE NARRATION/SPEECH

Narration/Speech

Imperative sentence

Read the following sentence:

Direct:      He said to me," Let me go out."
Indirect:   He told me that he might go out.
Direct:     Hasan said to her, "Let him say whatever he likes."
Indirect:   Hasan told her that he maight say whatever he liked.

Structure:

Direct:      subj. +reporting verb (say) +obj."Let +subj.+verb+ext."

Indirect:    subj.+tell/ask+obj. +subj.+might +verb+ext.

Read the bellow sentence:

Direct:      He said to me, "Let us go out."
Indirect:    He proposed to me that we should go out
              Or  He proposed to/suggested me going out.
Direct:      She said to him, "Let us play."
Indirect:    She proposed to/suggested her that they should play.
              Or  She proposed to/suggested her playing.

Structure:

Direct:      subj.+reporting verb (say) +obj., "Let +us +verb +ext."

Indirect:    subj.+propose to/suggest +obj. +that +we/they +should+verb +ext.

            Or    subj.+propose to /suggest +obj. +verb-ing +ext.

Read the bellow sentence:

Direct: He said to them," Friends,help me."
Indirect: Addressing them as friend ,he requested/told them to help him.
Direct: The old lady said to us, "Fathers,show me the way."
Indirect: Addressing us as father,the old lady requested/told us to show her the way.

Structure:

Direct:          subj. +reporting verb (say) +obj., "Vocative case, verb+ext."
Indirect:        Addressing +obj. +as +vocative case , subj.+tell/request +obj. +to +verb +ext.

LEARNING TO CHANGE NARRATION/SPEECH

Narration/Speech

Imperative sentence

Read the bellow sentence:

Direct:      He said to me,"Sir,lend me your pen."
Indirect:    He requested /told me respectfully(with respect( to lend him my pen.
Direct:      They said to you,"Sir,hetp me understand the matter."
Indirect:    They requested you respectfully to help them to understand the matter.

Here sir will be replaced by respectfull/with respect and will be put after rep.verb. Other changes will be according to the changing rules of imperative sentence.


Optative sentence


Read the bellow the sentence:

Direct:     He said to me,"May you be happy."
Indirect:   He wished me that I might be happy.
Direct:     She said to him ,"May Allah help you."
Indirect:   She prayed that Allah might help him.

Structure:

Direct:      subj. +reporting verb (say) +obj. "May +subj. +verb +ext."

Indirect:    subj. +wish/pray +that +changing person of subj. +might +verb +ext.


Exclamatory sentence


Read the bellow sentence:

Direct:      He said to me,"How nice you sing!"
Indirect:    He exclaimed /cried out that I sang very nice.
Direct:      She said to him,"What a clever boy you are!"
Indirect:    She exclaimed that he was a very clever boy.

Structure:

Direct:       subj.+reporting verb (say )+obj,"What/How +adj. +ext .+subj. +verb!"

Indirect:   subj. +exclaim/cry out +that +changing person of subj.+changing tense of verb+very +adj. +ext.

Here a /an will be used before very for what.

LEARNING TO CHANGE NARRATION/SPEECH

Narration/Speech

Imperative sentence


Read the following speeches:

Direct:   He said to me,"Please, help me".
Indirect: He requested/asked me to help him.
Direct:   The teacher said to the students,"Always speak the truth."
Indirect: The teacher advised/told the students to speak the truth always.
Direct:   The officer said to the soldiers,"Fire on."
Indirect:  The officer commanded/told the soldiers to fire on.
Direct:    The teacher said to the students,"Go out of the class."
Indirect:  The teacher ordered/told the students to go out of the class.

Structure:

Direct:    subj. +reporting verb(say) +obj. ,"verb +ext."

Indirect:  subj+order/ask/request/command/ tell/ask+obj.+to +verb +ext.

Read the bellow sentence:

Direct:    He said to me, "Do not make a noise."
Indirect:  He forbade me to make a noise.
          Or He tole me not to make a noise.
Direct:    The teacher said to the students ,"Do not tell a lie."
Indirect:  The teacher forbade the students to tell a lie.
          Or The teacher advised/told the students not to tell a lie.

Structure

Direct:      subj. +reporting verb +obj. "Do not/never +verb +ext."

Indirect:    subj. +forbid +obj. +to +verb +ext.

            Or  subj. *advise/ask/tell *obj. *not to *verb *ext.