LEARNING TO CHANGE NARRATION/SPEECH

"Narration/Speech"

In order to convert a direct speech into an indirect speech,the following things are considered:

The reporting verb will be changed according to the type of reported speech:

a.If the reported speech is an assertive sentence ,say or tell will be used instead of reporting verb (say).In this case tell will be used if there is an object of the reporting verb.otherwise say will not be changed.and the tense of  say/tell will be according to the tense of reporting verb.

b. If the reported speech is an interrogative sentence,ask will be used instead of reporting verb say and  the tense for ask will be according to the tense of reporting verb.

c.If the reported speech is an imperative sentence,the reporting verb will be changed in the following way:

1.If there is seen verb+ext, in reported speech ,say will be changed by order ,command,request,advice,ask,tell etc. according to the tense of reporting verb(say).

2.If there is seen do not +verb+ext in reported speech,say will be changed by forbid,ask,tell according to the tense of reporting verb (say).

3.If there is  seen let+ me/her/them/him+ext.  in reported speech, say will be replaced by ask or tell according to the tense of reporting verb (say).

4. If there is seen let+us+ext. in reported speech,say will be replaced by propose or suggest according to the tense of reporting verb (say).


d.if there is  seen an optative sentence in reported speech,reporting verb 'say ' will be replaced by wish or pray according to the tense of reporting verb (say).


e.if there is seen an exclamatory sentence in reported speech, say will be replaced by exclaim or cry out according to the tense of reporting verb (say).


(In the above mentioned cases,the tense of replaced  verbs will be according to the tense of reporting  verb of direct speech)


Exceptions:


 a.If there is seen thank you in reported speech,say will be replaced by thank according to the tense of reporting verb (say).
b.If there is seen good bye/bye-bye in reported speech,say will be replaced by bid/bade according to the tense of reporting verb (say).
c.If there is seen good morning/good night/good afternoon in reported speech,say will be replaced by wish according to the tense of reporting verb(say).
d.If there is seen no verb,no subject/object in direct speech for a reported speech,(The speaker said to the person spoken to) will be used there  before the reported speech in indirect speech.